Mirza Ghalib

Ghazal Mirza Ghalib

Characteristics of Mirza Ghalib’s personality

Mughal Empire was about to end. A few candles were just lit in the world of poetry and literature. Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib has been the most famous poet of that era. A revolution was born in the world of Urdu poetry, especially ghazal. According to Prof. Faisar Ali Ahmad Sarwar, “Before Ghalib, Urdu poetry was the world of those with heart, Ghalib gave it the mind” He introduced new topics and new subjects in Ghazal and widened its scope. Ghalib was his surname. He was born in 1796 in Agra

Famous researcher Malik Ram has written Ghalib’s date of birth as 27 December 1797 corresponding to 8 Rajab 1212 AH in “Tazkrah Mah and Sal” and Yusuf Hussain Khan also gives his date of birth as 27 December 1797 in “Ghalib and Ahang Ghalib”. While Ram Babu Sakina in “History of Urdu Literature” declares the birth year of Mirza as 1796.

Mirza Ghalib’s family line, according to Ram Babu Sakina, “traces back to the Abiktar Kumans, who were natives of Central Asia, who considered themselves to be descendants of Farid through the mediation of the Seljuq sultans.” Ghalib’s father, Abdullah Beg Khan, led a troubled life. He became employee in the government of Nawab Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur under the auspices of 300 horsemen. After many years, he came home and took the employment of Raja Bakhtawar Singh of Alwar and was killed here in the fight of a rebel watch.

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At the time of Mirza Abdullah Beg’s death, Ghalib was five years old. His grandfather Mirza Nasrullah Beg, who was the only child, took Ghalib and his younger brother Mirza Yusuf under his guardianship. Mirza Ghalib was only nine years old when his uncle Mirza Nasrullah Beg also died and now his maternal grandfather Khawaja Ghulam Hussain Khan, who was an army commander and a famous agro chief, brought up Mirza Ghalib. It started happening. Mirza Ghalib’s uncle was a risaldar in the English army, so Hasan also got a jagir from the English government as a reward for his services and loyalty, and after his death, Mirza Ghalib continued to receive a pension from the English government in exchange for the English jagir. When he was 14 years old, he learned Persian from a Parsi named Marmar, who was a scholar of Rand and Pashan and a great traveler.

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Mirza Ghalib married Amra Begum, daughter of Nawab e Bakhsh Khan Maruf in 1810 when Mirza was only 13 years old. Since Nawab Ali Bakhsh Khan was a well-known poet, Mirza Ghalib also got a prime environment. His childhood and boyhood days were spent in luxury, but after marriage, the situation changed. Forced by prevailing circumstances, they moved to Delhi and then stayed forever.

According to Ram Babuskina, “Poetry was resonating in the atmosphere of Delhi, mushairas were going on in places, there was also a marriage with the daughter of a well-known and well-known poet.” Due to all these reasons, the profound influence of poetry on the nascent nature of young Ghalib Mirza Ghalib always remained in Delhi except for one trip to Calcutta which he made in 1828, this trip was for the restoration of pension, the pension which he In exchange for the confiscation of the Jagir of Pachamarza Nasrullah Baig by the British government.

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According to Ram Babu Sakina, “On the way to Calcutta, Mirza also visited Lucknow and Benares and presented a qasida for Naseeruddin Hyder Shah, King of Oudh, and a prose in praise of the kingdom’s minister.” The last Tajdar himself was appointed 500 rupees per year by the government of Wajid Ali Shah, but after two years when the conflict of the kingdom arose, it was suspended. According to Yusuf Hussain Khan, apart from the mental loss due to pension, another incident happened due to which he had to eat the wound of dishonor, the little honor that was left was also gone. Ghalib was fond of playing chess in his youth. They used to play with something bad. Gradually this habit led to gambling addiction. Alcohol and gambling have been associated since ancient times in every civilization of the world

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In 1841, he got paelty of 100 rupees for gambling, even after that, his hobby continued. As long as Muhammad Mur Zakhani was Kotwal Shahr, Mirza had no risk of gambling, but when Mand Mur Zakhani was replaced by Faiz-ul-Hasan in Tabd, the new Kotwal Shahr took strict action to prevent gambling. However, Mirza Ghalib, had made his house a gambling den and got arrested and sentenced by the criminal court to imprisonment for a few months with hard labor and a fine of two hundred rupees. Mustafa Khan continued to seek news about him.

In 1842, Ghalib was selected as a professor in the Delhi College, but as Thomson Sahib, who was then the Secretary to the Government, did not come to welcome Ghalib, he did not accept the job. later, in 1849, King Bahadur Shah Zafar gave him the title of Najm-ud-Daula, Secretary-General of Nizam-e-Jang, and also ordered him to write the history of Timur dynasty in 1849, with a salary of 50 rupees per month. In 1854, upon the death of Shaykh Ibrahim Zouk, Ghalib Badshah was appointed as the teacher of Huzoor.

According to Ram Babu Sakina, “During the days of treason, the Mirza of Shahi was also suffering due to continuous employment and ceremony. The commission was stopped and an investigation was started regarding his conduct and finally when the entire cleanup was done and it was If he was proved innocent, his pension was restored and his former honor was also returned. Ghalib Tawab Yusuf Ali Khan Wali was also a teacher of Rapur who continued to give him a hundred rupees monthly as a pension throughout his life. Ghalib died on 15 February 1869 At the age of 72.

Source and translated from: www.besturdupoetryforu.com